Health Effects Of Electromagnetic Fields In Housing, Schools And Offices
...."chemically sensitive individuals are almost always electrosensitive, whether they are aware of it or not. Such individuals may demonstrate greater irritability or hyperactivity when exposed to even very low electric field intensities."
"Satellite dishes, by the very nature of their parabolic magnification design and their antenna function, capture and focus almost any electromagnetic emission within line of sight and then dump this broadband spectrum field directly underneath. If the satellite embraces an electric distribution line, for example, this powerfrequency will be focused directly below, sometimes with a 10-fold magnification. It is not a good idea to occupy such a location for extended periods of time."
"Schools tend to be extended in size, necessitating linearity in the wiring configuration. This means that wires of considerable amperage are often extended within classrooms, often diagonally. Thus a child's seat, located directly above such a cable can have a field as high as 9mG while two partners away can have a field of under 1mG. Such a child may be rebuked and punished for learning incompetence and even medicated for hyperactivity when the fault lies with the building's designers and electricians who have not been trained to understand the consequences of their installation practices!"
..."electromagnetic field levels since it is well known that certain diseases worsen in the presence of powerfrequency magnetic field levels higher than 1mG and that genes can change their expression starting at this intensity. A number of drugs interact with low-level radiofrequency fields, causing unsafe synergisms."
"Symptoms of electrical sensitivity include the joint pain Mr. Byrne experienced, but also a bewildering array of other common problems most everyone feels at one time or another, such as fatigue, headaches, poor sleep quality with frequent wakefulness, ringing in the ears, depression , difficulty remembering things, and skin rashes. The list of symptoms has created speculation that some cases of sick building syndrome, where people working in buildings complain of nausea and headaches, might be due to electrical sensitivities."
Dr. Michrowski's excellent article is a must read to understand the current situation regarding EMF (Electromagnetic Fields). Of special note is the effect of RF (Radio Frequency) magnifications from metallic frames of doors, windows and satellite dishes that act as condensing lenses for incoming microwave signals. Such focusing can easily magnify an altogether safe microwave front into a concentrated beam that may exceed Canada's Safety Code 6 standards for this bandwidth.
While RF shielding may not be as simple in some instances, noise, often referred to as dirty electricity, may be filtered with simple filters plugged into the electrical outlets. This is not an ideal solution, but in a pinch might make a significant difference where such a problem exists. Hopefully I be able to post a simple and cost effective do it yourself filter design in near future that some of us have been experimenting with.
Chris Gupta
See also:
Em Fields On Brain Tumor Incidence - Chemicals And Cell Phones
Electromagnetic Pollution Campaign Issue in Ontario Local Elections
Mobile And Wireless - Largest Biological Experiment
Vancouver School Board Motion Re Cell Phone Transponders
GRAVE Cell Phone Dangers Revealed...
----------------------Quebec Order of Architects Environmental Committee invited lecture
McGill University, Montreal, November 20, 2001Health Effects Of Electromagnetic Fields In Housing, Schools And Offices
Andrew Michrowski, Ph.D. Architecture
The Planetary Association for Clean Energy, Inc
100 Bronson Avenue, Suite 1001
OTTAWA, Ontario K1R 6G8
(613) 236-6265; fax: 235-5876
pacenet@canada.com
In our growing independence on electromagnetic technology ranging from electric power through the wireless telecommunication systems, we find ourselves absorbing electric and magnetic wave frequencies from less than 60 Hertz (or cycles per second) to greater than 2 GigaHertz.
The human species has evolved from a broad band of such frequencies originating from planetary and extra-planetary sources. Our bodies also emit electromagnetic fields. But in the last few decades, human exposure has dramatically risen more than a trillion times. We can expect further quantum leaps in exposure if the plans to have every dwelling, school, office and store in the world become a microwave transmitter for wireless computer and like linkages.
In the last 2 decades, the scientific community has begun to study the various effects on living organisms of both magnetic and electric fields. From this research we know that generally speaking, magnetic fields affect cells, tissue, glands, genes and muscles, both in positive and in negative ways, depending on such factors as frequency, intensity, duration and waveform. We also know that electric fields tend to affect the nerve system, including our skin. As the waves become shorter in length in accordance with the increase in frequency, so the electric and magnetic fields become less important for the study of biological effects and scientists focus on their combined effect that is, their total power to determine the rate of absorption by the human body. This is reason why standards associated with cellular phones and microwave ovens, for example, discuss only the level of power.Unabated concern by the public has resulted in major health assessments by several governments. The most is the 1998 US National Institute of Environmental Health review. It led to spin-offs, such as that from the World Health Organization earlier this year. Other studies have characterized typical groupings of electromagnetic field conditions in housing, office environments and schools, leading to a definition of cause-effect relationships.
We know now that for the powerfrequency (60Hz) at 0.60 milliGauss there is no known deleterious effect on the general population. Yet hypersensitive individuals, who now account for almost 20% of the population in Canada can accurately identify and describe the sensation of field of lower intensity. Various epidemiological studies indicate at long-term and chronic exposure of 1mG (such as can be experience during sleep, at work and in schoolrooms), serious health risks commence. The risk appears to escalate proportionally with higher intensity to the degree that the WHO determined that 4mG is a too high level, while the standard-setting authority, the US National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement proposed in 1995 that eventually no federally funded day-care centre, school, playground and housing should have fields higher than 2mG. Individuals who are more susceptible to adverse health effects from continuous exposure to levels ranging from 1 to 2mG are the foetus, young children, pregnant women, those who are already ill, the elderly and the hypersensitive.
Fortunately, for the powerfrequency, good architectural design practice and observance of the current Electrical Code makes it possible to achieve magnetic fields lower than 1mG in all zones of long-term human occupancy. Unfortunately, few designers and fewer electricians still seem to know how to apply judicious wiring and localization protocols in real-life scenarios. These errors by omission or by lack of training have led to a situation that Canadian buildings have generally the most elevated powerfrequency magnetic fields in the world, often much higher than the 4 mG barrier proposed by the WHO, about twice the US indoor environment and about 10 times that of the European Union, as determined by a Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation study.
With regards to powerfrequency electric fields, in Canadian buildings, these are generally lower than the absolutely safe level of 6 Volt/metre. But there is an exception to this rule, and this exception affects probably three-quarters of Canadians. It is the site of our pillow on which we rest our precious heads everything we sleep! This oversight is the result of the frequent placement of wiring in the wall at the head of bedsites, in addition to the generally inadequately wire gauge insulation in most lighting fixtures usually chosen near our beds. Already at 10V/m, powerfrequency electric fields aggravate sleeping patterns, leading to chronic fatigue and general weakening of the body's defence. Fortunately this problem is very easy and inexpensive to solve either by re-arrangement of the wiring, or by shielding with appropriate plastic and rubber material at next to the head of the bed. We must also note that, according to specialists, chemically sensitive individuals are almost always electrosensitive, whether they are aware of it or not. Such individuals may demonstrate greater irritability or hyperactivity when exposed to even very low electric field intensities.
Though radiofrequency and microwaves are very easy and inexpensive to shield any meshing adapted to the size of the wavelength in question from chicken coop mesh to mosquito meshing, much like the devices used in microwave oven doors - these fields also present unique design considerations. For example, metallic frames of doors and windows act as condensing lenses for incoming microwave signals. Such focusing can easily magnify an altogether safe microwave front into a concentrated beam that may exceed Canada's Safety Code 6 standards for this bandwidth. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in buildings near cellular phone antennae, radar installations and police and taxi radio transmitters. That is not so rare these days as many hospitals and apartment blocks, because their prominence in the urban skyline lease their roofs for such microwave transmitting devices. Though it is true that one of the safest places is to be directly underneath a transmitter, it is also true that the most dangerous may be right next to it, especially with the optical magnification into a bed, or into a seat! Satellite dishes, by the very nature of their parabolic magnification design and their antenna function, capture and focus almost any electromagnetic emission within line of sight and then dump this broadband spectrum field directly underneath. If the satellite embraces an electric distribution line, for example, this powerfrequency will be focused directly below, sometimes with a 10-fold magnification. It is not a good idea to occupy such a location for extended periods of time.
We should note that about 2/3 of the elevated fields found indoors are caused by errors associated with indoor wiring and the particular electrical grounding system we tend to employ in Canada. Only when outdoor fields are prevalently over 2mG (in such cases as where a transmission line overwhelms the entire environment surrounding a building - from above, sideways, and in a certain degree, even from the ground level), there is basically nothing one can do inside the structure to reduce fields to less than 2mG, except the distance factor, which may not necessarily be an option.Let us examine the various design considerations for specific type of structures.
Schools
Schools tend to be extended in size, necessitating linearity in the wiring configuration. This means that wires of considerable amperage are often extended within classrooms, often diagonally. Thus a child's seat, located directly above such a cable can have a field as high as 9mG while two partners away can have a field of under 1mG. Such a child may be rebuked and punished for learning incompetence and even medicated for hyperactivity when the fault lies with the building's designers and electricians who have not been trained to understand the consequences of their installation practices! Aligning these cables along corridor walls or other lesser-occupied zones could alleviate such a situation. Another error, usually sourced by re-wiring, renovations and the like results in improper wiring between the main electric panel and the subpanels, resulting in massive magnification in magnetic fields and in violation of the current Electrical Code (but perhaps permitted in previous codes at the time of construction).
Schools may also have unusual microwave environments, sometimes because they may have an antenna indoors (an aspect of being "modernized" for wireless computer services). Students tend to use cellular phone en masse during inter-class periods, often generating power densities indoors higher than allowed by our national safety standard.
Computer classrooms present a special condition associated with the high density of appliances and their positioning which may subject certain pupils in hazardous exposure even when each computer alone may actually be "safe". The large number of computers, whose screens act as positive ion generators, can rapidly extinguish all available negative ions and present undesirable physiological effects on those present, including listlessness and decreased ability to learn especially when the building is airtight or windows are not allowed to be opened so that no fresh negative ions may be introduced from the outdoors.
Office environmentThe office environment is one scattered with a large variety of potential "hotspots" associated with all types of appliances. But these elevated fields generally have very short ranges. The reason for this is that most appliances use transformers, whose field dissipation ratio is about 10 times greater than that for normal wiring. Anomalies can also be caused by heavy-duty cable layouts, horizontally and vertically as in the school classroom situation.
The individual workstation should always be carefully planned for avoidance of unnecessary fields. A very common error involves the placement of some transformer in a power bar too close to the worker.
HomesHomes have probably the most elevated fields. Very few factories in Canada, even power generation stations, have fields as high as the place where we use to let rest aside all of our worries and our frets about life, where we live with our beloved ones and where we raise our bundles of joy! Why? Because the socio-economics of our society do not allow for the professionalism in design and installation that our homes deserve! (Also perhaps because there is no union to speak out for the home dweller?)
In the Canadian situation, too often the residential electric service and the water service are separated by significant distances, sometimes at opposite ends of the building. This configuration results in the fact that the grounding wire a single wire carries the current that exists both at the electric panel and throughout the municipal water distribution system, right through the living zones of the house. A single wire with 1 Ampere of current has a magnetic field of 2mG 1 metre away. In urban areas, it is altogether common to have sustained currents in the grounding wire of near 3A, with spikes of up to 30A during high electric consumption periods, just when the family is enjoying dinner, studying or recreating. That passage of current amounts to fields of around 6mG, which circulate in the residence even if all appliances were to be turned off (and even if the typical Canadian resident were enjoying a candlelit meal). This nefarious situation can be remediated by designing configurations in which the electrical panel and the water service are located at very close range so that such currents travel in some isolated, uninhabited zone of the house. If the house has been built, this problem can be tackled by grounding the main panel to grounding rods rather than to the water mains, a protocol permitted by the current Electrical Code and accepted by utility companies across Canada. Current from the municipal pipes can also travel in all conducting water pipes inside the home. This current can be removed by placing a dielectric coupler or any non-conducting material such as a plastic or rubber tubing between the water mains and indoor plumbing.
Then there are numerous types of electrical wiring errors, which can create all manner of excessive electric or magnetic fields indoors all of which are violations of the Electrical Code.
HospitalsAt the vanguard of technology developments, hospitals are budding grounds for all sorts of technofields, both in powerfrequency range as well as in the radiofrequency and microwave ranges. The fields can be so elevated that the current Canadian standard for magnetic fields of 1,000mG exists to render legal the use of such equipment as the crown jewels of any fashionable hospital the scanner. Then hospitals have all kinds of security systems (most operating in radiofrequency ranges), polluting lighting fixtures by the beds, monitors, automated beds, medical devices each of which can produce "hot spots", usually near to patients (and which have the potential of even genetically modify hosts of microbes). Hospitals also acquiesce to the leasing of their roofs and perimeter walls for cellular phone antennae as a means for increasing revenues.
Professionals design hospitals. So professionals should take extra care to ensure the lowest possible electromagnetic field levels since it is well known that certain diseases worsen in the presence of powerfrequency magnetic field levels higher than 1mG and that genes can change their expression starting at this intensity. A number of drugs interact with low-level radiofrequency fields, causing unsafe synergisms. Here it is distance that provides the measure of protection to both the client and the server and layout is everything as well as judicious configuration of wiring and lighting fixtures.
Conclusion
In many built environments, technofield levels are too elevated for even minimum health risk conditions. Fortunately, appropriate design and careful oversight in installation can provide citizens with acceptable, safe and generally no-risk levels of electromagnetic fields.
-------------------This notable item, full-page on Canada's national newspaper is a welcome introduction to the problems of electrical hypersensitivity and to the fact that there are increasing intrusions of radio-frequency and microwave signals in our electric power distribution and delivery systems, as more and more technologies now use electric wiring for their own purposes.
Filtering on a piecemeal basis can work in some instances and it should, in our opinion, we done by the electrical supply companies or by the manufacturers of the devices that now dump their pollution onto the general population.
And, as we are all aware, filtering does not correct other significant wiring errors which, in North America, account for about two thirds of all elevated residential powerfrequency magnetic fields, and which usually are higher in our homes than in industrial, commercial and educational institutions. Fortunately, it is often less expensive to correct wiring errors (and the harmonics, etc) than to filter.
Attached is an overview of the complexity of electromagnetic pollution in North American buildings, which was presented at McGill University sometime ago.
Andrew Michrowski
The Planetary Association for Clean Energy, Inc.
100 Bronson Avenue, Suite 1001
Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6G8
Canada(613) 236-6265
MARTIN MITTELSTAEDT
From Tuesday's Globe and Mail, posted 28/03/06
Kevin Byrne is a man in the prime of his life who feared he had an old man's problems. Last summer, he was devastated by chronic back pain and thought his hips were about to give out. "I'm thinking, gee, I'm 47 years old and I'm going to need hip replacements already," he said.
The hip pain was the beginning of a strange personal odyssey for Mr. Byrne, a technical writer who lives in Newcastle, a bedroom community east of Toronto. He is now convinced his ailment wasn't a sign of premature aging, but an allergy to one of modern society's ubiquitous substances: electricity. No one knows how many people are sensitive to electricity. Scientific debate is intense over whether the condition exists or is a figment of people's imagination. Some estimates place the number afflicted at a handful out of every million. Others view it as more common but still a tad unusual, perhaps a few individuals out of every thousand. Mr. Byrne counts himself among those unlucky few. He began researching the topic when a neighbour expressed the belief that electricity was dangerous. In an act of desperation brought on by constant pain, he did something he initially thought was off-the- wall. He spent $1,000 on filters that, much like surge protectors on a computer, clean up fluctuations and surges in the electricity flowing in the wires around his home. "When you're in a lot of pain, you'll do just about anything. So I was sort of grasping at non-medical straws ," he said. "I didn't think they would work, to tell you the truth. I thought I was probably wasting my money."
But within a couple of days, after months of pain for which his doctor could find no cause, he started feeling fine again. "I said to my wife, 'This has got to be the placebo effect, "she said, referring to the well-known medical phenomenon of patients reporting that they are cured of illnesses after being given a sugar pill doctors suggest will help them. Mr. Byrne also noticed another odd health effect after he cleaned up his power, convincing him that electricity was at the root of his problems. Both he and his wife suddenly began to sleep more soundly and his dreams became "incredibly real and very vivid." Stories such as Mr. Byrne's are not isolated tales. In fact, they're becoming increasingly common, rising in lockstep with homes filled to the brim with electronic gadgets and the proliferation of wireless technologies.
Symptoms of electrical sensitivity include the joint pain Mr. Byrne experienced, but also a bewildering array of other common problems most everyone feels at one time or another, such as fatigue, headaches, poor sleep quality with frequent wakefulness, ringing in the ears, depression , difficulty remembering things, and skin rashes. The list of symptoms has created speculation that some cases of sick building syndrome, where people working in buildings complain of nausea and headaches, might be due to electrical sensitivities. Madga Havas, an associate professor at the Environmental Studies Department of Trent University who is an expert on the health claims about electricity, says she receives "almost a call a day" from people who say electricity is making them ill and they can't find help in the medical system. "It's not just from Canada. It's usually from the States as well," she says. She thinks the condition is more widespread than commonly thought, and speculates that for some people, exposure to electricity causes physiological stress, producing symptoms of tiredness, difficulty concentrating and poor sleep. The possibility of such a widespread health impact from electricity is greeted with skepticism in the electricity industry, where such an effect would have wide-ranging consequences. "We don't have support to suggest that there is electrosensitivity in members of the population," says Jack Sahl, a manager of safety and environmental issues at Southern California Edison, a large U.S. electricity provider. The industry position has been bolstered by studies showing that most of those who say they have allergies to electricity are unable consistently to detect the presence of electric currents in laboratory experiments.
Medical authorities and scientific researchers have consequently been baffled over these wide-ranging claims of ill health, not only in Canada and the United States but in Britain and other European countries. In Sweden, the electrically sensitive are so numerous they have established their own self-help and lobby group. Those with the condition bristle at suggestions their symptoms are imaginary. "This is not psychosomatic at all. . . We're not delusional," says Susan Stankavich, who lives near Albany, N.Y., and says her problems developed after a large cellphone tower was erected near her home. She's had debilitating headaches, among other symptoms, and can barely tolerate being under fluorescent lights. Reacting to this rising tide of claims of a new illness, the World Health Organization issued a fact sheet in December on the allergies, which it dubbed "electromagnetic hypersensitivity" and likened it to multiple chemical sensitivities. The WHO says the "symptoms are certainly real" and "can be a disabling problem for the affected individual."
Reports about sensitivity to electricity began with the introduction of computers, predating the recent spread of Wi-Fi and cellphone towers, which release a related but more powerful type of electromagnetic energy than that produced around electric wires. There have been long-running concerns about the possible health effects of electricity because it is a source of both electric and magnetic fields, invisible lines of force that surround all power lines and any power-consuming device, from the lowly kitchen toaster to a computer. Electric fields are always present near power wires and appliances, even when devices are turned off, but magnetic fields are generated only when devices are on. The nerves in living things work on electrical impulses. So do other biological processes, such as the voltages in hearts detected using electrocardiographs. This has given rise to worries that man-made electricity fields, to which humans were never exposed before the modern era, might be biologically active, just like chemical pollutants. The WHO has been looking at electrical sensitivity as one aspect of a larger investigation into the health effects of the cocktail of electromagnetic fields enveloping people in modern societies via everything from power lines to cellphones. It says that exposure to electromagnetic fields represents "one of the most common and fastest growing environmental influences, about which there is anxiety and speculation spreading."
Until now, most of the medical researchers looking at electricity and health have searched for links to cancer, rather than the fatigue- related symptoms the electrically sensitive claim. The cancer research has linked childhood leukemia to power-line magnetic fields. About 5 per cent of the U.S. population is regularly exposed to fields of the strength associated with leukemia in children, a percentage that is probably similar in Canada. For adult leukemia and brain tumours, some studies have found links to electricity, as they have with Lou Gehrig's disease, but the research is less conclusive than that for childhood leukemia. Richard Stevens, an epidemiologist at the University of Connecticut Health Center, has been studying electricity for nearly two decades, and first advanced the hypothesis that the use of electricity is a factor behind the rise in some cancer rates in developed countries. He says there is strong evidence linking the use of night lighting to cancer because exposure to light at night disrupts people's production of the hormone melatonin. But he's unsure what impact the fields around electric wiring and devices might be having. Some studies have found that magnetic fields suppress melatonin in animals, something that might explain the allergy-like symptoms, but this effect hasn't been observed in humans. "Whether or not magnetic fields have any effect at all, I do not know," Dr. Stevens says. The allergy-like symptoms are a far different medical condition than the cancers Dr. Stevens studies, and some researchers are speculating that a possible culprit is the recent deterioration in the quality of electricity flowing in power wires. Power quality is a well-known problem in the utility business, caused by the proliferation of computers, lighting dimmer switches, energy efficient bulbs, and other modern electronic gadgets. These new devices cause a more complicated use pattern for electricity than old-fashioned items such as incandescent bulbs, producing negative feedback involving high-frequency peaks, harmonics and other noise on electric wiring.
The way to picture the quality effect is to imagine that electricity is like water flowing in a pipe. An incandescent bulb uses electricity steadily, just like an open tap allows a constant flow into the sink. Computers and other modern devices use power in variable amounts, similar to turning the tap on and off, or any setting in between, causing water pipes to clang. This deterioration in power quality has been going on for years and would have likely escaped public notice, except that when home computers became popular in the 1990s they would frequently crash or malfunction because of it.
The change in power quality means more variable electromagnetic fields, and possibly more biologically active ones, are associated with electricity than there used to be. This is a possible explanation for the rise in electrosensitivity complaints in the view of Denis Henshaw , a professor at the University of Bristol in Britain, who is an international authority on the health effects of power transmission lines.
He says that if electricity were flowing in a constant way , most people's bodies would likely adapt, but with all the interference from modern devices, the resulting fields are too variable for people to get used to. "We just don't get to adapt to these because they don't have any special pattern to them," he said. "There is no proof of this, it's just an opinion." In Canada, Dr. Havas has been investigating whether the deterioration in power quality has led to sensitivity. To this end, she's been installing filters that clean up the interference on electrical wires to see if people notice.
In 2003, she installed filters in a Toronto private school where a student was electrically sensitive for a six-week test, three weeks with the devices and three weeks without them. Half of the teachers who responded to her questionnaire said they felt health improvements, such as being able to concentrate better and feeling less tired, when the filters were in place. Even more unusual, the teachers, who were not told what the research was about, reported that 60 per cent of their classes showed improvements in student behaviour when the filters were installed. Based on this finding, Dr. Havas estimates that perhaps half of the population may have some sensitivity to electricity. In another test, she installed filters in the homes of people with multiple sclerosis, a disease that might be reactive to electricity because it is associated with poor sheathing on nerves. Brad Blumbergs, 29, says his MS improved so much last year that he could walk without shaking and could even run again. "It allows me to retire my cane," he said. "It hasn't cured me, but my symptoms are a percentage of what they used to be," Mr. Blumbergs said.
Dr. Havas has presented some of these findings at scientific conferences on electrosensitivity, but the work hasn't appeared in the gold standard of research, the peer-reviewed scientific journals that would confer more legitimacy on the results. The utility industry's Mr. Sahl is skeptical about efforts to improve power quality, which generally cost about $1,000 to handle one home, and calls them a "waste of money." He agrees that the action may make some people feel better, but only because they're affected by the power of suggestion and not by the power of electricity. "I hate to be blunt about it, but there is this well-established effect in science and we've studied it over and over and it's called the placebo effect." That doesn't ring true to Mr. Byrne. He says his sensitivity might have been prompted by his decision last year to conserve energy by replacing much of his home's simple incandescent lighting with high- efficiency compact fluorescent bulbs, some brands of which cause the power-quality problem. He's become so convinced that electricity can make people sick that he's set up a website, offering tips to fellow sufferers on how to alleviate their symptoms, such as urging them to throw out their dimmer switches and limiting exposures to electronic gadgets. When it comes to electricity, Mr. Byrne says, "I think people should automatically begin changing their lifestyles."
--------------
Dr. Magda Havas, B.Sc. Ph.D. Associate Professor, Environmental & Resource Studies, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, K9J 7B8 phone: 705 748-1011 x 1232 fax: 705 748-1569 mhavas@trentu.caCeux qui comprennent se voient dans chacun et voient chacun en eux- mΓͺmes. Bhagavad Gita
posted by Chris Gupta on Thursday January 25 2007
updated on Wednesday January 31 2007URL of this article:
http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2007/01/25/health_effects_of_electromagnetic_fields_in_housing_schools_and_offices.htm
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